deserted.
to soak up.
natural liking or attraction to something.
forceful or offensive.
the art and science of cultivating land for growing crops (farming) or raising livestock (ranching).
natural or artificial movement of air in a closed environment. Also called ventilation.
system of writing in which each symbol ideally represents one sound unit in the spoken language.
very old.
large peninsula in southwest Asia, between the Red Sea and the Persian Gulf, including the countries of Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Oman, Bahrain, Qatar, Kuwait, and the United Arab Emirates.
(~2500 BCE-609 BCE) kingdom or empire of northern Mesopotamia (what is today parts of Iraq, Syria, Turkey, Iran, Saudi Arabia, and Lebanon) with its capital in Nineveh (what is today Mosul, Iraq).
metal made of the elements copper and tin.
waterfall or section of whitewater rapids.
series of six shallow, whitewater rapids on the Nile River between Khartoum, Sudan (sixth cataract) and Aswan, Egypt (first cataract).
cows and oxen.
100 years.
made of clay.
small place of worship or prayer.
vehicle with two or four wheels and pulled by horses.
independent political state consisting of a single city and sometimes surrounding territory.
loose outer garment worn over the shoulders, such as a cape.
series of regularly spaced columns, usually supporting a roof.
to overcome an enemy or obstacle.
familiar or comfortable all over the world, or to people from all over the world.
human imprint on the physical environment.
learned behavior of people, including their languages, belief systems, social structures, institutions, and material goods.
mud-brick temple or funerary structure unique to the ancient kingdom of Kerma, northern Sudan.
the flat, low-lying plain that sometimes forms at the mouth of a river from deposits of sediments.
to illustrate or show.
individual or distinct.
unique or identifiable.
to overpower or control.
tree native to Africa that produces dark, hard timber.
complex and detailed.
to develop or come into view.
group of nations, territories or other groups of people controlled by a single, more powerful authority.
very large.
good or service traded to another area.
very large.
to repel an attacker.
able to produce crops or sustain agriculture.
having to do with ceremonies surrounding a funeral or burial.
system or order of a nation, state, or other political unit.
danger or risk.
perfect.
substance that produces a sweet odor when burned, often used in religious ceremonies.
to display or show.
to place a body in a tomb or burial site.
to enter and attack.
type of government with a king or queen as its leader, or the land ruled by that king or queen.
(~1000 BCE-350 CE) kingdom in northeast Africa (Nubia, what is today parts of Sudan and Egypt), with its capitals in Kerma, Napata, and Meroë.
famous, heroic, or celebrated.
area bordering the eastern Mediterranean Sea, including the nations of Syria, Lebanon, Jordan, and Israel.
animals raised for human use.
northern Egypt, including the Nile Delta.
profitable or money-making.
region in North Africa made of five countries: Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, and Mauritania.
place dug in the earth where ores are extracted.
large structure representing an event, idea, or person.
imprecise term for countries in southwestern Asia, sometimes including Egypt.
cemetery or burial ground.
region in northeast Africa (northern Sudan and southern Egypt), loosely defined as between the Cataracts of the Nile and the Red Sea.
animal skin or fur.
the way different groups of people interact and influence each other.
to rule as a monarch.
a system of spiritual or supernatural belief.
to go back to a familiar or safe place.
series of customs or procedures for a ceremony, often religious.
(27 BCE-476 CE) period in the history of ancient Rome when the state was ruled by an emperor.
(27 BCE-476 CE) period in the history of ancient Rome when the state was ruled by an emperor.
having to do with a monarchy.
having to do with country life, or areas with few residents.
important or impressive.
slant, either upward or downward, from a straight or flat path.
knowledgeable or complex.
upright stone slab or column decorated with figures or inscriptions, commonly used as a commemorative monument in ancient times.
geographic region located south of the Sahara Desert in Africa.
to represent an object, idea, organization, or geographical region.
building used for worship.
covered with decorative or protective building tiles.
wood in an unfinished form, either trees or logs.
enclosed burial place.
path followed by merchants or explorers to exchange goods and services.
settlement or business area where goods and services are exchanged.
southern Egypt, stretching roughly to Aswan and sometimes including northern Sudan.
upright snake (usually a cobra), often represented on a royal headdress, used as a symbol of power and authority in ancient Egypt.
Articles & Profiles
- Sudan and Nubia: The Royal Pyramids of Meroe. Architecture, Construction and Reconstruction of a Sacred Landscape
- National Geographic: Explore the Enduring Splendor of the Kingdom of Kush
- Undark: In Sudan, Rediscovering Ancient Nubia Before It’s Too Late
- JSTOR Daily: The Forgotten Pyramids of Sudan
Worksheets & Handouts
Websites
