Foraminifera, usually called forams, are nicknamed "armored amoebas." They are "armored" by tests—tiny shells that protect the single-celled creatures.
These protists live in all the world's oceans as drifting plankton or stationary benthic species. Forams are a key part of marine food webs.
Forams have survived for millions of years, successfully adapting to radical climate change in their marine habitat.
Carbon emissions that contribute to global warming, the current period of climate change, are putting a new stress on forams. As more carbon dioxide dissolves in the ocean, the water becomes more acidic. Ocean acidification makes it more difficult for forams to create tests, which they need to survive.
- Many foram tests are calcium carbonate, the same substance as clam shells, eggshells, and snail shells.
- Foram tests can also be "agglutinated sediment particles." Agglutinated just means the tests are made of sediment (such as grains of sand) "glued" together by the foram.
- The largest foram—a species called Syringammina—grows to a whopping 20 centimeters (8 inches). It is the largest single-celled organism in the world.
- Despite their appearance, forams are more closely related to algae and slime molds than snails or clams.
- Forams are one of very few creatures that can survive in the Challenger Deep, 10,898 meters (35,756 feet) below the ocean surface. More than 400 forams thrive in this very cold, very dark ocean trench, where the pressure is more than 111 megapascals (16,000 pounds per square inch).
chemical compound that reacts with a base to form a salt. Acids can corrode some natural materials. Acids have pH levels lower than 7.
to adjust to new surroundings or a new situation.
one-celled, shapeless organism (protozoan).
protective covering.
having to do with the bottom of a deep body of water.
greenhouse gas produced by animals during respiration and used by plants during photosynthesis. Carbon dioxide is also the byproduct of burning fossil fuels.
carbon compound (such as carbon dioxide) released into the atmosphere, often through human activity such as the burning of fossil fuels such as coal or gas.
smallest working part of a living organism.
to break up or disintegrate.
(singular: foraminifer.) Type of microscopic organism (protist) that forms a shell and lives in marine or salty conditions.
environment where an organism lives throughout the year or for shorter periods of time.
decrease in the ocean's pH levels, caused primarily by increased carbon dioxide. Ocean acidification threatens corals and shellfish.
type of microscopic organism (not an animal, plant, or fungus).
completely or extremely.
to strain or put pressure on.
hard, protective shell or covering of some organisms.
