1. Have students discuss what they learned in Activities 1, 2, and 3.
Set the stage by reviewing the sequence of activities within this lesson. Remind students that at the beginning of this lesson, they explored a decision through one stakeholder’s viewpoint. They then learned more about the area both geographically and politically, analyzed each stakeholder’s influence and connection to the decision, and then identified consequences of the decision to place a dam upstream from Lake Turkana. Explain to students that they have been learning components of analyzing the environmental decision process. In this activity, they will pull together what they have learned in the previous activities to complete the analysis of the decision about the Gilgel Gibe III dam in the Lake Turkana region. Place students in small groups of three, and assist them through the following process as a group. Each group of three will hand in a decision statement at the end of this lesson. Ask students to pull out their Stakeholder Table and Consequences Web they developed in Activities 2 and 3. They can use their individual documents as evidence to support the group-level conversations.

2. Have students revisit the information gathered on the influence of stakeholders.
Ask students to have available their Stakeholder Table from Activity 2. Distribute one copy of the Your Decision Statement worksheet to each group and have students complete Part 1: Stakeholders. Using the information they gathered in Activities 1 and 2, ask students to rate each of the stakeholders’ level of influence within the decision. Remind them that not every stakeholder has a voice or equal influence in the decision. Ask students to reflect on the role these particular stakeholders have played in the decision-making process of building the Gilgel Gibe III dam.

3. Have students revisit the information gathered in identification of consequences.
Remind students that in this case the decision to build the Gilgel Gibe III dam has been made, and that all decisions and actions have consequences. Ask students to refer to their Consequences Web from Activity 3. Have them complete Part 2: Consequences in the worksheet by identifying the impact of the consequences upon each of the known stakeholders.

4. Have students create a decision statement.
Explain to students that the product of the decision-making process is a decision statement. A decision statement contains three things: (1) a statement of the decision; (2) evidence that supports the decision; and (3) a statement of who will positively and negatively benefit from the decision. Ask students to complete Part 3: Your Decision Statement. Remind students that the case they have been exploring already has a decision statement. If they like, they can use that decision or generate their own with the knowledge they have about the situation. Collect completed Your Decision Statement worksheets as a formal evaluation of all four activities.

5. Have students reflect upon the decision-making process.
Ask students to refer to the decision statement they created in Activity 1. Ask them to reflect upon everything they have learned in Activities 2, 3, and 4. Have them compare what they wrote in Activity 1 with their final decision statement in Activity 4. Ask: Did your decision statement stay the same or change? If it changed, what influenced your decision? What additional information affected your thinking? If it did not change, are you surprised? Why or why not? Ask each student to complete an individual reflection answering the prompt: How did the process of analyzing the decision-making process help you or hinder you in your final thinking? Collect the completed responses.

Formal Assessment

Students’ Your Decision Statement worksheet is to be used for formal assessment. It shows both knowledge of the decision-making process and application of reasoning to the case study. The decision statement created by students should include: (1) a statement of the decision; (2) evidence that supports the decision; and (3) a statement of who will positively and negatively benefit from the decision.

Extending the Learning

Ask students to use the process of analyzing a decision statement on another case study, such as the following:

Subjects & Disciplines

Teaching Approach

  • Learning-for-use

Teaching Methods

  • Discussions
  • Writing

Connections to National Standards, Principles, and Practices

Energy Literacy Essential Principles and Fundamental Concepts

Common Core State Standards for English Language Arts & Literacy

What You’ll Need

Required Technology

  • Internet Access: Optional

Physical Space

  • Classroom

Grouping

  • Large-group instruction

Background Information

This work is modified from the decision-making process called Stakeholder Consequences Decision-Making (SCDM) process. This process is generally used when individuals are at the stage of making a decision. The SCDM process consists of four stages: establishing constraints and considerations; identifying consequences; assessing impact on stakeholders; and weighing impacts on stakeholders. The case studies provided have already articulated a decision. The model was modified to be used as an analysis tool. The modification includes identifying stakeholders, influences over the decision, and consequences of the decision.

Prior Knowledge

  • None

Recommended Prior Activities

  • None

Vocabulary

abiotic
Adjective

characterized by the absence of life or living organisms

aquatic
Adjective

having to do with water.

Noun

a dip or depression in the surface of the land or ocean floor.

biotic
Adjective

having to do with living or once-living organisms.

collective decisions
Noun

decisions made by a group of individuals that account for the needs of many others.

conflict
Noun

a disagreement or fight, usually over ideas or procedures.

consequence
Noun

result or outcome of an action or situation.

controversy
Noun

disagreement or debate.

dam
Noun

structure built across a river or other waterway to control the flow of water.

debate
Verb

to argue or disagree in a formal setting.

desert lake
Noun

large body of water in a desert region, often characterized by high salinity.

Noun

branch of biology that studies the relationship between living organisms and their environment.

environment
Noun

conditions that surround and influence an organism or community.

environmental impact
Noun

incident or activity's total effect on the surrounding environment.

flood-retreat cultivation
Noun

agricultural method that relies on silt left on a flood plain (following a flood) to cultivate crops.

geographic
Adjective

having to do with places and the relationships between people and their environments.

geo-literacy
Noun

the understanding of human and natural systems, geographic reasoning, and systematic decision-making.

hydroelectric power
Noun

usable energy generated by moving water converted to electricity.

indigenous people
Noun

ethnic group that has lived in the same region for all of their known history.

individual decisions
Noun

Decisions that are made by an individual that only account for that individual's needs

intended consequences
Noun

results of an action or situation that are deliberately brought about and/or anticipated.

outflow
Noun

water, sediment, and chemicals discharged by a river or other flowing body of water.

political
Adjective

having to do with public policy, government, administration, or elected office.

Noun

any area on Earth with one or more common characteristics. Regions are the basic units of geography.

seasonal flooding
Noun

overflowing of a body of water from its banks, usually predicted by yearly rains or storms.

stakeholder
Noun

person or organization that has an interest or investment in a place, situation, or company.

tourism
Noun

the industry (including food, hotels, and entertainment) of traveling for pleasure.

unintended consequences
Noun

results of an action or situation that are not deliberately brought about and/or anticipated.

upstream
Adjective

toward an elevated part of a flow of fluid, or place where the fluid passed earlier.

waterfowl
Noun

birds that live near the water.

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